The Department of Chemistry
@ Eastern Michigan University
My research interests involve the development of instrumentation and methods to monitor biological processes in tissue cultures in real-time. The instrument incorporates a cell incubation device with a cryofocusing inlet suitable for use with high-speed gas chromatography (GC). High-speed GC is capable of separating complex mixtures in one-tenth the time of conventional GC, on the order of seconds rather than minutes. These short analysis times make real-time monitoring of biological systems possible. The focus is on the detection and quantitation of the products of lipid peroxidation in model systems and tissue cultures. These products include alkanes, n-alkanals, alk-2-en-als, and 4-hydroxyalkenals. Direct monitoring is accomplished by focusing and concentrating gaseous products in the headspace of tissue cultures for injection into a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The high scanning rates of TOF instruments are compatible with high-speed GC, and the second dimension of data facilitates positive identification of analytes. This is a decided advantage for complex and dynamic biological systems.
Courses Taught at EMU:
Instrumental Analysis (Chem 481 and 381 lab)
Quantitative Analysis (Chem 281-282)
General Chemistry (Chem 121-124)
Professional Affiliations:
American Chemical Society
Selected Publications:
- Measurement of Hexanal Production by Myoglobin-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Using a Miniature Incubator and Cryofocusing Inlet System with Gas Chromatography and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Clifford, C.; Gutman, P.; Amunugama, M; Karunaratne, S.; Soltani, M.; Venkatachalam, K.; Pernecky, S.; Holmes, H. Chromatographia, in press, August, 2004.
- Using Stationary Points on Potential Energy Surfaces to Model Intermolecular Interactions and Retention in Gas Chromatography. Knox, J. E.; Hratchian, H. P.; Trease, N.; Struble, J.; Schlegel, H. B.; Holmes, H. Chromatographia, 2004, 59, 329-334.
- Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions and the Associated Local Ozone Production from an Automotive Gasoline Engine. Bohac, S. V.; Assanis, D. N.; Holmes, H. L. S. Int. Journal of Engine Research, 2004, 5, 53-70.
- Vector Model for Window-Diagram Optimization of Tunable Column Ensembles for High-Speed GC. Smith (Holmes), H. L.; Sacks, R. D. J. Sep. Sci., 1998, 25, 37-44.
